Catheter insertion is a medical procedure where a catheter, a thin, flexible tube, is placed into a body cavity, vessel, or duct to facilitate various functions such as fluid drainage, medication administration, or monitoring. The procedure varies depending on the type of catheter being inserted. Urinary Catheter Insertion: This involves placing a catheter into the bladder via the urethra to drain urine. It's typically performed for patients who cannot urinate naturally due to conditions like urinary retention, bladder obstruction, or during certain surgical procedures. The process includes lubricating the catheter, gently inserting it into the urethra, and advancing it into the bladder. Once in place, the catheter is secured, and urine drains into a collection bag. Intravenous (IV) Catheter Insertion: Used for administering fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the bloodstream, this procedure involves placing a catheter into a vein, often in the arm or hand. The process includes selecting a vein, inserting a needle to access the vein, advancing the catheter, and then removing the needle while leaving the catheter in place. The catheter is secured with a dressing. Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Insertion: This procedure involves placing a catheter into a large vein, such as the jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein, for more intensive or long-term intravenous access. It is used for prolonged medication administration, frequent blood draws, or central monitoring. The insertion requires sterile techniques, often guided by imaging such as ultrasound, to ensure correct placement.
Complications associated with catheter insertion include infection, bleeding, vein or tissue damage, catheter-related thrombosis, and discomfort. Infection risks include catheter-associated urinary tract infections or bloodstream infections, especially with prolonged use. Other risks are related to the specific type of catheter and the insertion site. Aftercare involves monitoring for infection, ensuring proper catheter maintenance, and following care protocols to prevent complications. Patients should report any symptoms such as pain, swelling, or fever, and follow specific care instructions provided by their healthcare provider. Overall, catheter insertion is a critical procedure that facilitates medical treatments and monitoring, playing a key role in patient care and management.
